A literature Review of the Factors Considered Critical in Influencing Disaster Risk Management Due to Seismic Activity (2010-2025)
Luis Alberto Palacios Merino
ABSTRACT
The materialization of natural disasters stems from the interaction and exchange of temperatures in bodies, dynamic manifestations concentrated in the environment, where natural phenomena manage to manifest and combine, with the help of water, large amounts of oxygen, unstable temperatures, relative humidity, and closed and open spaces, generating abrupt and disruptive changes in the normal habitat process and finding temporary equilibrium, moving on to others, where the repercussions reach to impact, penetrate, and alter the normality of the natural status quo for living organisms. The leadership of the United Nations (UN) has been globally promoting priority objectives to protect the lives and well-being of people affected by natural disasters. The working group documents that have been obtained are supported by meetings and exercises of hundreds of participants, including academics and scientists from various countries, and have provided an opportunity to present an extensive list of priorities, objectives, goals, and actions on five continents. These initiatives seek to address environmental responsibilities and commitments to reduce vulnerability to the risk of natural disasters, with particular emphasis on those with significant impacts, such as earthquakes (seismic activity) and floods (torrential rains). The occurrence of a disaster, whether natural or manmade, generates drastic and permanent changes in society. Disasters are classified according to their origin as natural, man-made, or mixed, creating a global problem that demands an immediate response. Although the scientific community has increased its joint efforts, these efforts remain insufficient and require a better understanding and comprehension, with trained human resources and limited materials, associated with global strategies that still require refinement and improvement. The bibliographic review on seismic activity disaster risk management (FCGRDAS), covering the period 2010-2025, provides updated information to identify and explain the factors considered critical and that influence seismic activity natural disaster risk management. This review is based on multidisciplinary knowledge and understanding. The selected research articles highlight the factors that impact natural disaster risk management due to seismic activity, showing progress and identifying gaps. This underscores the motivation for the study with the detection of twenty-four factors considered critical and related to such disasters. The selected research articles also indicate significant academic and scientific advances linking disaster risk management (DRM) with information and communication technologies (ICTs). Technological media play a crucial role in the real-time exchange and transmission of information. Some of these technologies already enjoy widespread social acceptance and are capable of detecting and communicating global seismic activity in real time, leveraging mobile social networks and technological platforms, among others.
